Commented-On Language Hat Posts (courtesy of J.C.; contains useful Random Link feature)
E-mail:
languagehat AT gmail DOT com
My name is Steve Dodson; I’m a retired copyeditor currently living in western Massachusetts after many years in New York City.
If your preferred feed is Twitter, you can follow @languagehat to get
links to new posts here as they appear. (I don’t otherwise participate
in Twitter.)
If you’re feeling generous:
my Amazon wish list
And you can support my book habit without even spending money on me by following my Amazon links to do your shopping (if, of course, you like shopping on Amazon); As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (I get a small percentage of every dollar spent while someone is following my referral links), and every month I get a gift certificate that allows me to buy a few books (or, if someone has bought a big-ticket item, even more). You will not only get your purchases, you will get my blessings and a karmic boost!
If your comment goes into moderation (which can happen if it has too many links or if the software just takes it into its head to be suspicious), I will usually set it free reasonably quickly… unless it happens during the night, say between 10 PM and 8 AM Eastern Time (US), in which case you’ll have to wait. And occasionally the software will decide a comment is spam and it won’t even go into moderation; if a comment disappears on you, send me an e-mail and I’ll try to rescue it. You have my apologies in advance. Also, my posts should be taken as conversation-starters; there is no expectation of “staying on topic,”and some of the best threads have gone in entirely unexpected directions. I have strong opinions and sometimes express myself more sharply than an ideal interlocutor might, but I try to avoid personal attacks, and I hope you will do the same.
Songdog
Kaleidoscope
The Daily Growler †
wood s lot †
MetaFilter
an eudæmonist
Avva (Russian)
No-sword
The Cassandra Pages
Transblawg
Epigrues
Far Outliers
paperpools
Lizok’s Bookshelf
A Bad Guide †
Poemas del río Wang
The Flaxen Wave
ТЕТРАДКИ: Что о нас думают в Европе?
Russian Dinosaur
XIX век
Wuthering Expectations
Boris Dralyuk
Laudator Temporis Acti
The Untranslated
The Fate of Books
The Millions
Linguablogs:
Language Log
Anggarrgoon
Jabal al-Lughat
Dick & Garlick
bulbulovo
Ἡλληνιστεύκοντος (in English)
Word Routes
Sentence first
Balashon
Separated by a common language
Ozwords (a blog from the Australian National Dictionary Centre)
The *Bʰlog (“A blog devoted to all matters Indo-European”)
Strong Language (“a sweary blog about swearing”)
Language resources:
Arnold Zwicky’s list of blogs and resources
Multitran
American Heritage Dictionary
Green’s Dictionary of Slang
Wiktionary
bab.la
TypeIt (IPA keyboards, language character sets)
Clickable IPA chart (by Weston Ruter)
Wordorigins
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language
The sci.lang FAQ
Omniglot
ScriptSource
BibleOnline
Jewish Lexicon Project
Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms
TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien
American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix
Andras Rajki’s Etymological Dictionary of Arabic
Germanic Lexicon Project
Dictionary of the Scots Language
Das Deutsche Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm
Wortschatz Deutsch
Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen
DWDS (Der deutsche Wortschatz von 1600 bis heute)
etymologiebank.nl (Dutch etymology)
Den Danske Ordbog (Danish dictionary, with audio)
Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid
Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (Open Access PDF version of volumes A – M and O – P)
Trésor de la langue française informatisé
Bob, dictionnaire d’argot
Dictionnaire de l’Académie francaise
Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales
Lexilogos (French)
Dictionnaires d’autrefois
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Real Academia dictionary (Spanish)
Diccionari català
Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana
RAI Dizionario d’Ortografia e di Pronunzia (includes proper names)
Dizy: Il dizionario pratico con curiosità e informazioni utili
Dicționare ale limbii române
electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Cadhan Irish Dictionary (bridge to eDIL)
MacBain’s Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (1911 edition)
Cornish dictionary online
Arak-29 (Armenian links)
Verb Conjugator
World Wide Words
Online Etymology Dictionary
Tower of Babel etymological database
Perseus Digital Library 4.0
Logeion (Greek-to-English and Latin-to-English dictionary search)
Greek language and linguistics
Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Modern Greek Dictionary] (comprehensive; includes etymologies)
LBG (Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität = Lexicon of Byzantine Greek)
Orbis Latinus
Slovopedia (links to Russian dictionaries; sidebar has links to comparable pages for German, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Georgian, and Kazakh)
dic.academic.ru (Russian dictionary search)
ПоискСлов (Russian dictionary search)
Русский этимологический словарь (A.E. Anikin’s new Russian etymological dictionary, now on letter д)
etymolog.ruslang.ru (Russian etymology and word history links)
Philology.ru
Philolog.ru
Slavenitsa (converts from modern Russian to pre-reform orthography)
Minority Languages of Russia
Ru_slang (Russian)
Vasmer’s etymological dictionary(Russian)
Russian language links
Russian literature online
Национальный корпус русского языка (Corpus of the Russian Language)
Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (1896-1912)
Словарь русских народных говоров [Russian dialect dictionary]
Старославянский словарь [Old Church Slavic dictionary]
Словарь русского языка XVIII в [Dictionary of 18th-c. Russian]
Russian Word of the Day
Ukrainian etymological dictionary
Речник на личните и фамилни имена у българите (Bulgarian names)
A Dictionary of Tocharian B (with etymologies)
Chinese Character Dictionary
Zhongwen.com
The Kanji Site
Mongolian/English dictionary
Digital Dictionaries of South Asia
Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary
Nişanyan’s Turkish Etymological Dictionary
The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
The Polynesian Lexicon Project (POLLEX)
An ka taa (resources and lessons for Bambara, Dioula, Malinké, and Mandinka)
Bargery’s web site (contains A Hausa-English Dictionary and English-Hausa Vocabulary)
Movies listed by language at IMDB
Languages online
Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction
Speculative Grammarian
Word Oddities
Jan Freeman’s Boston Globe column
Character converter
Mailing list
Hattics mailing list
Visual pleasures
Nick Jainschigg’s blog
Citrus Moon
Ramage
Favorite rave review, by Teju Cole:
“Evidence that the internet is not as idiotic as it often looks. This site is called Language Hat and it deals with many issues of a linguistic flavor. It’s a beacon of attentiveness and crisp thinking, and an excellent substitute for the daily news.”
From “commonbeauty”
(Cole’s blog circa 2003)
All comments are copyright their original posters. Only messages signed “languagehat” are property of and attributable to languagehat.com. All other messages and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily state or reflect those of languagehat.com. Languagehat.com does not endorse any potential defamatory opinions of readers, and readers should post opinions regarding third parties at their own risk. Languagehat.com reserves the right to alter or delete any questionable material posted on this site.
Copyright © 2025 · languagehat.com
88%, after I was dinged 3% for identifying ‘plinker’ as a real word. Plink is a word, in my vocabulary anyway, so I figured a plinker would be, for example, someone in the pub late on a Saturday night playing an untuned piano badly.
94% – 7% = 88%. I guessed that overlip and backload are words, and I’m pretty sure I’ve heard “backloading” used by real people, but the program said that they aren’t. I Googled for them afterwards and both are in the Wiktionary.
Give them feedback about it; other people have reported similar problems.
87% – 0%, since I followed the instructions and chose “yes” only conservatively. The words I said “no” to were: vinometer, morro, epidiascope, currishly, and crap, a misplaced click and I lost the results page, never to be retrieved. Bad web design.
99% the second time around. They give you new words. Sort of: I didn’t know ‘tensity’ … twice.
But I say those of us coming across JAINSTEAK and not incapacitated by laughter deserve extra credit.
Not sure if this is in fact part of the fiendish plan, but the nonwords are of two fairly distinct sorts: words that could perfectly well be English but are (apparently) not, like “saffing”, and words that violate English structure rules and couldn’t possibly be English, so that no native speaker would be fooled by them.
“epidiascope”: one was actually used in my undergraduate lectures. High tech before IT.
It told me “harshing” isn’t a word, which is really harshing my mellow.
OK, now I’m shocked.
I accepted non-word ‘enticting’, probably because I was trying to go too fast and enticed by it.
and was enticed by it.
See! I’m doing it again.
96%, with no non-words guessed. Missed copperas, cetin, and bistort. I don’t feel bad about those failures.
93% less 3% for one non-word. Of real words I missed, “j” was the only one I was upset about, and the non-word was “airbelt” which I would totally use if I ever came across one.
@Glossy: Economists commonly talk of backloading but I believe the recommended spelling is back-loading, so perhaps it’s not considered a word? I’m afraid economists don’t commonly talk to linguists.
(86% – 0%: I also went paranoid or I’d have accepted addressor, whose meaning is obvious to Romance speakers. All the other ones were down to my genuine ignorance. Yet, as a second-language speaker I’m pretty happy.)
Yet, as a second-language speaker I’m pretty happy.
As well you should be! That’s considerably better than most native speakers could do.
I legitimately missed osseous (which I should have gotten), epiphysis (which was completely unfamiliar), and extravert (an alternate spelling I wasn’t familiar with, but which had be thinking for a long time). However, I was also marked down for missing “amt,” which I recognized as an abbreviation for “amount” (which is the definition they refer to), but not something I would consider a word in English. Of course, “Amt” is an unremarkable word in German, so I spent a while thinking whether I had ever come across it in English, other than as an abbreviation, and I decided not.
Finally, most absurdly, I was informed that “stuntless” was not a word.
For some reason I am pretty terrible at pushing the key I want to push on these sorts of things. Apart from that, I’m not happy with ‘hoi’ and ‘diem’ by themselves as English words.
11 real words I didn’t know, 2 fake words I thought I knew (hoaxy and wakh). 84% – 7% = 78%. I think I may have been uncharacteristically skeptical to transparent compounds and derivations, having read the thread, but I don’t know if it cost me more in lost hits than it saved me in avoided goofs.
I was hoping that the site gave a definition, or even a hint, as to what “counts” as a real word: do proper names count? Acronyms? Common clipped forms or abbreviations? Slang? It doesn’t say.
I went conservative the first time and got a 77% (with no false-positives). I went bold the second time and got a 90% (after a 3% penalty for a false positive). I didn’t think to check which “not a word” I got wrong. I didn’t have any repeats, FWIW.
80% conservatively, 90% throwing caution to the wind.
I think that the discussion in this thread already highlights a flaw in the study’s design — the assumption that a vocabulary is just a big bag of words, making word-or-not decisions completely black-and-white, rather than a jumble of words and morphemes and combinatory rules, making the issue much more complex, especially in a passive context. (I’d probably never invent the word “bracksmaid”, one of my items, myself, but if I ran across it in a poem it would seem perfectly cromulent to me and I’d assign a meaning to it from context without blinking an eye.)
Maybe the survey should have three choices: “I’m sure this is an English word”, “I’m sure this is not an English word”, and “I’m not sure but it seems plausible to me.”
First go: 88% minus 3% = 85%, UK-based British monoglot English speaker. The apparent non-word I said yes to and was penaltised for was feal, but in fact it does have a definition as a verb (connected with conceal) and adjective (connected with fealty), see http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feal , so I protested on the link button and claim 88%…
The real words I said were non-words were intarsia, agnail, jewelweed, lowery, billbug, granulose, hoppergrass, muskellunge .
Lowery I dithered about (3.2 secs) and guessed what it would mean if it was real (dark, threatening, lowering sky) but decided it was a fake; semarly with granulose (4.9 secs) , which I guessed was trying to trick me into thinking it was a non-version of granulous or granular but it is its own thing. A hoppergrass is a southrong US version of grasshopper, it turns out. Intarsia, agnail and billbug I didn’t know at all and just guessed (wrong). Jewelweed and muskellunge sounded like made-up sf or fantasy terms so I conjubly rejected them.
There were a few words I didn’t know but guessed right, ie humidness (as opposed to humidity), metaphase, anionic. Intarsia, anionic… they were 50/50 words and one I guessed right, one I gesstrong.
I like the way the age selextractor in the profilorm goes up to 125. And starts at 1, too. Apologies for the cutesy neologising… it is infaexsaeous.
Okay, ran it again, this time boldly. I got 99% – 7% = 92%, a little better, but the one rejected word skiver was a typo on my part so I’ll claim 93%. The non-words I accepted were mischant and besee, which both seem plausible, the first (which is also a surname) a little more than the second.
Looking again, the arithmetic doesn’t always add up – I saw my final total was 85%, and saw there had been a 3% deduction for the so-called wrong word I had picked, so I assumed, without really looking closely, that I got 88% before the deduction. But actually, the first result reported was 89%:
“This gives you a corrected score of 89% – 3% = 85%”
I got 91% and chose “ensheet” as a word, which is apparently not a word, despite the fact that I’ve used it prior to this test!
It reckons ‘chawl’ is not a word but I’ve been to a chawl – it is a type of Indian building. It also denies ‘toolwork’ is a word.
@Giacomo Ponzetto, Glossy: As an economist, I do use the terms ‘backload’ and ‘frontload’, both unhyphenated.
rewrassent is too a word! I declare it so! It means… it means…, um, brightly colored, like a wrasse?
I got 86% on the bolder second round, and this time I had a couple of mishits. E.g. I had to think about the number of l’s in ‘traveling’ and hit the wrong button when deciding. But maybe it’s not so much about getting bolder as about getting better at tuning the level of familiarity.
The percentages don’t add up because the number of words in each category isn’t a divisor of 100.
97% – 10% = 87%. Three wrong.
Phonify is a thing, though. I’ve read about phonifying. Ah, well.
This is better than that Groningen “plug in the cognate” test, which left me completely idea-less.
I’ll lie to it someday and tell it I’m a Francophone. The Dutch (which I sometimes understand conversationally) is wildly opaque to me, so far. Maybe another day.
94 % first time; did not try again. 0% non-words.
Good maybe for a non-native speaker, but not so good for an English teacher.
–
Cautiousness made me reject “grisaille” which looked like a plausible loan from the French, but I had absolutely no idea what it referred to. Then “inarch” and “puttyroot”, no one uninterested in gardening can be expected to recognize those…
-Enarch, exarch, autarch, heresiarch… but inarch???
–
However I feel ashamed for not recognizing interisland, I missed a hyphen after inter-, and knew for sure there is not some country populated by Interis.
–
And indeed, there are many non-words instantly recognizable as impossible: “contaneriian” and “attrechiiteness” have consecutive ies, very strange!!
If you take away the superfluous ies, they will still be non-words, but more plausible.
–
I suppose the test was devised by Belgians…
71-0=71 and 96-10=86. Three words I did not recognise were north American plants. I also rejected coffer, thinking it was an attempt to fool me into a fake American spelling of cougher. As with many tests, the testee is testing the tester as much as vice versa.
Ah, a test developed by my former university – though a different faculty.
@Frans Koppenol: More about the Belgians who developed the test can be found at http://crr.ugent.be/: the “Center for Reading Research is a research group connected to the Department of Experimental Psychology”, etc, etc.
I took the test and I didn’t know the words hoecake, tommyrot, stogie and conflagrant (although I’m familiar with conflagration). Hence the score 94%-0% = 94%.
I’m looking forward to similar tests for English and French 😉
The test reminded me of Jean Aitchison’s book “Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon”, which I started reading a long time ago. Part of the book discusses the size of people’s vocabulary, especially the difficulty of establishing this. If you test people with a bigger sample of words, you end up with a higher estimate (at least, that is how I vaguely remember it).
Ahem, I meant similar tests for German and French.
Took some twenty tries, but I made it 90% without accepting nonwords. More averagely (that’s a real word?!) I was early eighties with two mistakes.
Helps that a lot of their vocabulary was chemistryrelated.
Narmitaj,
For small values of 89 and big of 3 it works.
I didn’t count how many words it asks, but looking at the errors, 2×3%=7%, so 3% has to be 3.25-3.75%.
Christophe: I liked it best with “English and French”.
Sili: Roundof error.
96% — should have been more, but they counted ‘flong’ as a non-word, when it is the papier-mâché substance used to mould stereotypes
100 percent on the “actual words” and I missed two of the “non-words”, both of which I was certain were actual words, and Google verified the meanings I knew they had. The two words I “missed” were “taggant” and “sackhat”. The first has at least two different meanings in the industry in which I work, and the second is a particular type of knitting pattern that produces a hat with corners, as if you put a bag on your head.